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History of Coffee: From Africa to Your Breakfast Table

Coffee is one of the most popular beveragesEuropeans liked it so much that they wanted a
in the world. The word coffee is believed toconstant supply of the beans. And later, it
have been deduced from Kaffa, a placewas the Dutch who set up the first
situated in Ethiopia, Africa, It came intoEuropean-owned coffee plantation in colonial
existence around 800 A.D. and there are manyJava in 1616. The Dutch were, however, not as
legends and stories associated withcautious as the Arabians and they gifted
discovery.coffee trees to the aristocracy all over
Europe. Louis XIV was presented one such
One such interesting story goes like this.coffee tree in 1714, for his garden in Paris.
One day a monk saw a goatherd imitating his
sheep who were dancing from one shrub toThe coffee tree finally crossed the Atlantic
another, grazing the cherry-red berrieswith Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, a retired
containing coffee beans. The monk was amazedFrench naval officer. He smuggled a sprout
at the goatherd's caper on eating the beans.with him to Martinique, a French Colony in
The monk took some of the berries for histhe Caribbean after he was denied a clipping
fellow monks and that night they realizedof the tree. Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu guarded
that they seemed to attain something thatthe plant religiously. When the ship got
they  felt  was  'divine  stimulation'.caught in a storm de Clieu nurtured the pant
with half of the water that he was rationed.
Other than the legends and stories there isUltimately, the sprout flourished in
also historical evidence about how theMartinique and in the next 50 years more than
Africans of the same era used the coffee18  million  coffee  trees  were grown there.
plant in different ways. Africans used what
can be called primitive 'Power Bars' made ofBy 1727, Brazil had realized the potential of
coffee and animal fat as a stimulant. Theythe plant and wanted a share in the coffee
also made wine from the coffee-berry pulp.pie. Unable to get the plant through fair
From Africa, coffee moved out towards Arabiameans, they dispatched Lt. Col. Francisco de
via the Red Sea and then slowly made its wayMelo Palheta, allegedly to mediate in a
to  the  rest  of  the  world.border dispute, to French Guiana. Avoiding
the heavily guarded coffee plantations, he
Coffee, as we know it today came intochose to take the easy route of befriending
existence around 1000 A.D. and this is whenthe governor's wife who slyly presented him a
it was first roasted and brewed. By the 13thbouquet spiked with coffee seedlings on his
Century, coffee became popular with thefarewell dinner. Coffee had now entered
Muslim holy men who found it a veryBrazil,  a  land  of extremely fertile farms.
convenient drink it to keep worshippers awake
and send them in a tizzy. Then onwards,From 800 A.D. in Africa to 1727 in Brazil,
coffee traveled with the Muslims. Whereverthe coffee plant had traveled through Middle
Islam went, coffee traveled along. However,East, South East and Europe and then to South
Arabians were cautious and did not want toAmerica. Production of coffee reached
share the plant with the world. They madedizzying heights due to the enormous harvests
sure that no coffee bean sprouted outsideof Brazil's fertile lands. This boom in
Arabia and coffee beans were boiled orproduction, apart from anything else, was
parched to make them infertile before takinginstrumental in turning coffee, an elitist
out  of  Arabia.drink  till then, into a drink of the masses.
An enterprising Indian pilgrim cum smuggler,Initially considered as a poor substitute for
Baba Budan, strapped some fertile coffeealcohol by the American colonists, its
beans to his stomach and left Mecca. Thesepopularity grew when tea from Britain became
beans were ultimately responsible for thescarce during the Revolutionary War. During
agricultural expansion of coffee, which laterand after the American Civil War, coffee had
reached  Europe's  colonies  in  the  East.gained a premier position and was being
increasingly accepted. Later, advancement in
From these colonies, coffee was traded by abrewing technology ultimately secured its
Venice merchant who took it to Europe. Theplace as an everyday beverage of America.



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